``macro``
=========

.. versionadded:: 1.12

    The possibility to define default values for arguments in the macro
    signature was added in Twig 1.12.

Macros are comparable with functions in regular programming languages. They
are useful to put often used HTML idioms into reusable elements to not repeat
yourself.

Here is a small example of a macro that renders a form element:

.. code-block:: jinja

    {% macro input(name, value, type = "text", size = 20) %}
        <input type="{{ type }}" name="{{ name }}" value="{{ value|e }}" size="{{ size }}" />
    {% endmacro %}

Each argument can have a default value (here ``text`` is the default value for
``type`` if not provided in the call).

.. note::

    Before Twig 1.12, defining default argument values was done via the
    ``default`` filter in the macro body:

    .. code-block:: jinja

        {% macro input(name, value, type, size) %}
            <input type="{{ type|default('text') }}" name="{{ name }}" value="{{ value|e }}" size="{{ size|default(20) }}" />
        {% endmacro %}

Macros differ from native PHP functions in a few ways:

* Arguments of a macro are always optional.

* If extra positional arguments are passed to a macro, they end up in the
  special ``varargs`` variable as a list of values.

But as with PHP functions, macros don't have access to the current template
variables.

.. tip::

    You can pass the whole context as an argument by using the special
    ``_context`` variable.

Import
------

Macros can be defined in any template, and need to be "imported" before being
used (see the documentation for the :doc:`import<../tags/import>` tag for more
information):

.. code-block:: jinja

    {% import "forms.html" as forms %}

The above ``import`` call imports the "forms.html" file (which can contain only
macros, or a template and some macros), and import the functions as items of
the ``forms`` variable.

The macro can then be called at will:

.. code-block:: jinja

    <p>{{ forms.input('username') }}</p>
    <p>{{ forms.input('password', null, 'password') }}</p>

If macros are defined and used in the same template, you can use the
special ``_self`` variable to import them:

.. code-block:: jinja

    {% import _self as forms %}

    <p>{{ forms.input('username') }}</p>

.. warning::

    When you define a macro in the template where you are going to use it, you
    might be tempted to call the macro directly via ``_self.input()`` instead
    of importing it; even if seems to work, this is just a side-effect of the
    current implementation and it won't work anymore in Twig 2.x.

When you want to use a macro in another macro from the same file, you need to
import it locally:

.. code-block:: jinja

    {% macro input(name, value, type, size) %}
        <input type="{{ type|default('text') }}" name="{{ name }}" value="{{ value|e }}" size="{{ size|default(20) }}" />
    {% endmacro %}

    {% macro wrapped_input(name, value, type, size) %}
        {% import _self as forms %}

        <div class="field">
            {{ forms.input(name, value, type, size) }}
        </div>
    {% endmacro %}

Named Macro End-Tags
--------------------

Twig allows you to put the name of the macro after the end tag for better
readability:

.. code-block:: jinja

    {% macro input() %}
        ...
    {% endmacro input %}

Of course, the name after the ``endmacro`` word must match the macro name.

.. seealso:: :doc:`from<../tags/from>`, :doc:`import<../tags/import>`
